Sains Malaysiana 53(2)(2024): 267-283
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2024-5302-03
Virgin
Coconut Oil and Palm Tocotrienol Supplementation:
Effects on Lipid Parameters of Experimental Rats
(SuplementasiMinyak Kelapa Dara dan Tokotrienol Sawit: Kesan ke atas Parameter Lipid pada Tikus Kajian)
NORHAYATI-AIDA SULAIMAN1,
AZMAN ABDULLAH1, ZAR CHI THENT2 & QODRIYAH HAJI MOHD
SAAD1,*
1Department
of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysia
2Albert
Einstein College of Medicine (AECOM), Orthopaedic Surgery, New York, USA
Received: 18 July 2023/Accepted: 18
January 2024
Abstract
Virgin
coconut oil (VCO) and palm tocotrienol (TT) possess
cholesterol-regulating properties, but their combined effects remained
unexplored. Thus, this study aims to determine their individual and combination
effects on lipid parameters in ovariectomised (OVX)
rats on hypercholesterolemic diet. Female
Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomised except for
the sham group, assigned into (i) sham-operated fed
with basal rat diet, (ii) OVX control, (iii) V1 (OVX + VCO 1.43 mL/kg), (iv) V2
(OVX + VCO 4.29 mL/kg), (v) TT (OVX + TT 30 mg/kg), (vi) V1+TT (OVX + VCO 1.43
mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg) and (vii) V2+TT (OVX + VCO 4.29 mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg).
Groups (ii) to (vii) were fed with 2% cholesterol mixed with five-time heated
palm oil. VCO and TT alone or in combination reduced food intake, visceral fat
weight, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and
HMG-CoA reductase activity significantly (p<0.05 vs the OVX control). HDL
was reduced significantly in V1, V2, and V1+TT compared to the TT and V2+TT
(p<0.05). The increase in LDL was the lowest in V1 compared to other groups
(p<0.05). V2 and TT significantly reduced total cholesterol compared to
other supplementations (p<0.05). All supplementations were found to reduce
triglyceride compared to the OVX control group (p<0.05). The increase in apolipoprotein A was higher in V2+TT than other groups
(p<0.05). The reduction in apolipoprotein B was
higher in V1+TT and V2+TT than the V1, V2 and TT. VCO and TT exerted beneficial
effects on lipid parameters, but the efficacy was not better than individual
agents.
Keywords: Cholesterol
diet; heated palm oil; lipid profile; tocotrienol;
virgin coconut oil
Abstrak
Minyak kelapa dara (VCO) dan
tokotrienol sawit (TT) mempunyai ciri kawal atur kolesterol tetapi kesan gabungannya belum pernah dikaji. Kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan kesan individu dan gabungannya ke atas parameter lipid pada tikus yang diovariektomi dan diberi diet tinggi kolesterol. Tikus Sprague-Dawley betina yang telahdiovariektomi kecuali kumpulan sham, dibahagikan kepada (i) pembedahan sham yang diberi makan diet
basal tikus, (ii) OVX kontrol,
(iii) V1 (OVX + VCO 1.43 mL/kg), (iv) V2 (OVX + VCO 4.29 mL/kg), (v) TT (OVX +
TT 30 mg/kg), (vi) V1+TT (OVX + VCO 1.43 mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg), (vii) V2+TT (OVX
+ VCO 4.29 mL/kg + TT 30 mg/kg). Kumpulan (ii) hingga (vii) diberi makan kolesterol 2% dicampur dengan minyak sawit yang dipanaskan lima kali. VCO dan TT secara individu atau gabungan menurunkan pengambilan makanan, berat lemak viseral, bahan reaktif asid thiobarbiturik dan aktiviti HMG-CoA reduktase secara signifikan (p<0.05 banding OVX kontrol).
HDL turun secara signifikan dalam V1, V2, dan V1+TT berbanding TT dan V2+TT (p<0.05). Peningkatan LDL adalah paling kurang dalam V1 berbanding kumpulan lain (p<0.05). V2 dan TT menurunkan kolesterol total secara signifikan berbanding suplementasi yang lain
(p<0.05). Semua suplementasi didapati menurunkan trigliserida berbanding kumpulan kawalan OVX (p<0.05). Peningkatan pada apolipoprotein A adalah lebih tinggi dalam V2+TT berbanding kumpulan lain (p<0.05). Pengurangan pada apolipoprotein B adalah lebih tinggi dalam V1+TT dan V2+TT berbanding V1, V2 dan TT. VCO dan TT menunjukkan kesan baik ke atas parameter lipid tetapi efikasinya bukan lebih baik daripada kesan individu.
Kata kunci: Diet kolesterol; minyak kelapa dara; minyak sawit dipanaskan; profil lipid; tokotrienol
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*Corresponding author; email: qodryrz@ppukm.ukm.edu.my
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